Why do Arizona’s oldest cities captivate us with their enduring charm and historical significance? The Grand Canyon State, the 48th to join the Union, boasts a rich tapestry of urban settlements that predate its statehood.
From ancient Native American pueblos to bustling modern metropolises, these ten cities have weathered the test of time, each telling a unique story of perseverance and growth.
As we embark on a journey through Arizona’s oldest urban landscapes, we’ll uncover the fascinating tales of their founding, explore their cultural heritage, and discover how they’ve evolved to become the vibrant communities we know today.
Prepare to be transported through time as we unveil the secrets of Arizona’s most venerable cities.
| City Name | Year Founded | Current Population | Notable Attraction | Primary Industry | Historical Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tucson | 1775 | 546,574 | Mission San Xavier del Bac | Education | Oldest AZ incorporated city |
| Wickenburg | 1863 | 7,920 | Vulture Mine | Tourism | Gold Rush settlement |
| Prescott | 1864 | 45,827 | Whiskey Row | Government | Former territorial capital |
| Florence | 1866 | 24,795 | McFarland State Park | Corrections | Early agricultural center |
| Phoenix | 1867 | 1,680,992 | Heard Museum | Government | State capital |
| Tombstone | 1877 | 1,309 | OK Corral | Tourism | Famous Wild West gunfight |
| Mesa | 1878 | 512,498 | Mesa Arts Center | Technology | Mormon settlement |
| Yuma | 1854 | 95,548 | Territorial Prison Park | Agriculture | Colorado River crossing |
| Ajo | 1847 | 3,304 | Organ Pipe Cactus Monument | Tourism | Former copper mining town |
| Globe | 1876 | 7,346 | Besh-Ba-Gowah Park | Mining | Copper mining heritage |
10 Oldest Cities in Arizona
1. Tucson (founded 1775, incorporated 1877)
What makes Tucson Arizona’s oldest incorporated city?
Tucson, located in southern Arizona, holds the distinction of being the state’s oldest incorporated city. Founded in 1775 as a Spanish military fort called Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, the city has a rich history that spans nearly two and a half centuries.
Tucson officially became part of the United States through the Gadsden Purchase in 1854 and was incorporated as a city in 1877.
What is Tucson known for today?
Today, Tucson is home to the University of Arizona, a world-renowned institution that attracts students and scholars from around the globe.
The city’s vibrant cultural scene, stunning desert landscapes, and unique architectural heritage make it a popular destination for tourists and residents alike.
2. Wickenburg (founded 1863, incorporated 1909)
How did Wickenburg get its start?
Wickenburg, situated in central Arizona, was founded during the Gold Rush of 1863 by Henry Wickenburg, a prospector who discovered the nearby Vulture Mine. The mine went on to produce significant amounts of gold and silver, making Wickenburg a thriving mining town.
What is Wickenburg’s significance today?
In modern times, Wickenburg has become a popular stop for travelers journeying between Phoenix and Las Vegas. The town’s well-preserved historic district and numerous guest ranches offer visitors a glimpse into Arizona’s Old West heritage.
3. Prescott (founded 1864)
What is Prescott’s nickname and why?
Prescott, located in central Arizona, is affectionately known as “Everybody’s Hometown” due to its welcoming atmosphere and small-town charm. Founded in 1864, Prescott served as the capital of Arizona Territory until 1867 and again from 1877 to 1889.
What notable attractions can be found in Prescott?
One of Prescott’s most notable attractions is the Sharlot Hall Museum, which celebrates Arizona’s rich heritage through exhibits and historic buildings. The city is also part of the Prescott metropolitan area, the third-largest in the state.
4. Florence (founded 1866, incorporated 1900)
What is Florence’s claim to fame?
Florence, situated in central Arizona, claims to be the sixth-oldest non-Indigenous settlement in the state. Founded in 1866, the town became an agricultural center due to its proximity to the Gila River, which provided water for irrigation.
What can visitors experience in Florence today?
Today, visitors to Florence can explore the McFarland State Historic Park, which features a preserved adobe courthouse from the town’s early days. The park offers a glimpse into the lives of Florence’s early settlers and the challenges they faced in the harsh desert environment.
5. Phoenix (incorporated 1881)
What is Phoenix’s significance in Arizona?
Phoenix, located in central Arizona, is the state’s capital and largest city. Founded in 1867 by Jack Swilling, who established the Swilling Irrigation and Canal Company, Phoenix has grown from a small agricultural community to a bustling metropolis.
How did Phoenix get its name?
The city’s name was suggested by Phillip Darrell Duppa, who envisioned the new settlement rising from the ancient ruins of the Hohokam civilization, much like the mythical phoenix rising from the ashes.
| Phoenix Population Growth | |
|---|---|
| Year | Population |
| 1870 | 240 |
| 1900 | 5,544 |
| 1950 | 106,818 |
| 2000 | 1,321,045 |
| 2020 | 1,680,992 |
6. Tombstone (incorporated 1881)
What is Tombstone famous for?
Tombstone, located in southeastern Arizona, is best known as the site of the infamous gunfight at the O.K. Corral, which took place on October 26, 1881. The town was founded in 1877 by Ed Schieffelin, who discovered a rich silver mine in the area.
What unique attraction can visitors see in Tombstone?
Visitors to Tombstone can pay their respects at Schieffelin’s actual tombstone, located just outside the town. The epitaph on the tombstone reads, “Here lies Ed Schieffelin, prospector, who in 1877 discovered the Tombstone silver lodes.”
7. Mesa (incorporated 1883)
Who founded Mesa and when?
Mesa, situated in the East Valley of the Phoenix metropolitan area, was founded in 1878 by Mormon settlers. The town’s name, which means “table” in Spanish, refers to the flat-topped mountains that surround the city.
What is Mesa’s position in Arizona today?
Today, Mesa is Arizona’s third-largest city and a thriving hub of commerce and education. The city is home to several colleges and universities, as well as a vibrant arts and culture scene.
8. Yuma (established 1854)
Where is Yuma located and why is it significant?
Yuma, located in southwestern Arizona near the California border, has long been an important crossing point for the Colorado River. The city was established in 1854 and played a crucial role in the development of transportation and trade routes between Arizona and California.
What can visitors experience in Yuma today?
Today, Yuma is known for its sunny weather, outdoor recreational opportunities, and rich history. Visitors can explore the Yuma Territorial Prison State Historic Park, which once housed some of the Old West’s most notorious outlaws.
9. Ajo (established 1847)
Where is Ajo located and what is it known for?
Ajo, situated in southern Arizona near the Mexican border, was established in 1847 as a copper mining town. The town’s name comes from the Spanish word for garlic, which early explorers found growing wild in the area.
What is Ajo’s main industry today?
While copper mining has declined in recent years, Ajo remains an important center for tourism and the arts. The town’s historic plaza and nearby Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument attract visitors from around the world.
10. Globe (founded 1876)
How did Globe come to be?
Globe, located in central Arizona, emerged in the late 19th century as a result of the region’s rich copper deposits. Founded in 1876, the town quickly grew into a thriving mining community.
What notable attraction can be found in Globe?
One of Globe’s most notable attractions is the Besh-Ba-Gowah Archaeological Park, which features the ruins of a Salado Indian pueblo dating back to the 13th century. Visitors can explore the ancient dwellings and learn about the lives of the Salado people who once called this area home.
| Copper Production in Globe, Arizona | |
|---|---|
| Year | Pounds of Copper |
| 1900 | 21,000,000 |
| 1950 | 132,000,000 |
| 2000 | 75,000,000 |
Conclusion
How have these ten oldest cities in Arizona shaped the state’s identity and continue to influence its future? From Tucson’s Spanish colonial roots to Globe’s mining heritage, each city has contributed to the rich tapestry of Arizona’s history.
These urban centers have not only survived but thrived, adapting to changing times while preserving their unique character. As we’ve explored their stories, we’ve uncovered a common thread of resilience, innovation, and cultural diversity that defines the Arizona spirit.
Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a curious traveler, or a proud Arizona resident, these cities offer a window into the past and a glimpse of the future.
The legacy of Arizona’s oldest cities continues to inspire and shape the Grand Canyon State, inviting us all to be part of their ongoing story.